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The Advantages of Granite Stone Slabs A Professional Insight
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Introduction to Granite stone slabs

Granite stone slabs are natural stone products,  known for its exceptional hardness, durability, and unique patterns, making it a popular choice for countertops, flooring, and architectural applications. Granite stone slabs are widely used in both residential and commercial projects, adding value and elegance to interiors and exteriors alike. Xiamen MRD Stone specializes in high-quality granite slab products, offering a wide range of solutions for residential and commercial applications.

Why Choose Granite Stone Slabs?

Durability: Granite is one of the hardest natural stones, making it highly resistant to scratches, heat, and wear. This makes it ideal for high-traffic areas and surfaces that endure heavy use, such as kitchen countertops and flooring.

Aesthetic Appeal: Granite offers a unique and elegant look with its natural patterns and color variations. Each slab is one-of-a-kind, adding a touch of luxury and sophistication to any space.

Versatility: Granite can be used in a variety of applications, including countertops, flooring, wall cladding, and outdoor spaces. Its versatility makes it a suitable choice for both residential and commercial projects.

 

Natural and Eco-Friendly: Granite is a natural stone, which means it is environmentally friendly. It does not emit harmful substances and can be recycled or repurposed.

Xiamen MRD Stone: A Trusted Supplier of Granite Slabs

 

Xiamen MRD Stone is a globally recognized manufacturer and trade company, integrating mineral resource exploration, stone processing, and exportation. Our commitment to quality and innovation has made our granite stone slabs widely popular in numerous countries.

Applications of Granite Stone Slabs

Kitchen Countertops: A stylish and durable solution for modern kitchens.

Flooring & Wall Cladding: Adds a sleek and elegant touch to residential and commercial spaces.

 

Hotel & Retail Interiors: Provides a luxurious and sophisticated appearance with long-lasting performance.

What is granite?
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It is widely used in construction and decoration. Granite is a popular choice for countertops and other surfaces due to its durability and aesthetic appeal. Granite is a natural stone composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Granite is available in a wide range of colors and can be polished to a high shine that is both beautiful and functional. Granite is heat and scratch-resistant, making it ideal for kitchen countertops and other heavily used surfaces. 

what is quartz stone
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Quartz stone is a man-made product made from a combination of natural quartz, resins, and pigments. It is an engineered stone that is low maintenance and has a modern and sleek look. Quartz stone is non-porous, which makes it a great choice for bathrooms and other areas where hygiene is a priority. Quartz stone is also resistant to scratches and heat, making it a great choice for kitchen countertops.

STONELINK 2024 Stone Project Highlight Iconic Marjorie Hotel in Penang, Malaysia
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In 2024, STONELINK is proud to have contributed to the construction of the Iconic Marjorie Hotel, a landmark hospitality project in Penang, Malaysia, by supplying a curated selection of high-performance, aesthetically refined natural stones and sintered stones. As a trusted global stone supplier, we continue to partner with high-end developers and architects to deliver superior quality materials for luxury hotel environments.

 

This blog highlights the stone materials used, their specific applications, and how each stone enhances the design, functionality, and atmosphere of the spaces within the hotel.

 

1. Viscount White Granite – Dining Area Countertops

 

Viscount White Granite countertops

 

In the hotel's dining area, Viscount White Granite was selected for the full-length countertops due to its remarkable durability, heat resistance, and timeless elegance. The flowing grey patterns on a white base deliver a clean, modern aesthetic that aligns with the venue's contemporary dining design.

 

Why Viscount White Granite?

 

(1) High resistance to staining and scratching

(2) Ideal for high-traffic hospitality spaces

(3) Harmonizes well with both wood and metallic accents

(4) Long-lasting performance in food & beverage settings

 

2. Indian Green Marble – Lobby Bar Counter

 

Indian Green marble countertops

 

The Indian Green Marble adds a touch of exotic luxury to the lobby bar counter, becoming an instant focal point for arriving guests. Its deep, verdant hues and organic veining create a dramatic yet sophisticated atmosphere, reflecting the hotel's lush tropical surroundings.

 

Key Features of Indian Green Marble:

 

(1) Unique coloration inspired by nature

(2) Polished finish enhances depth and light reflection

(3) Adds contrast and richness to neutral design schemes

 

3. Romantic Grey Marble – Hotel Reception Desk

 

Romantic Grey marble countertops

 

At the heart of the hotel's front-of-house is the Romantic Grey Marble reception desk. This stone combines contemporary elegance with refined texture, grounding the entrance with a commanding presence while still feeling approachable and warm.

 

Highlights of Romantic Grey Marble:

 

(1) Neutral grey tone for versatile visual integration

(2) Smooth finish suitable for sleek, modern forms

(3) Durable enough to handle high-contact zones like reception

 

4. Volakas Marble – Lounge Display Shelving

 

The Volakas Marble, sourced from Greece, is featured prominently in the lounge's display shelves and feature stands. Its soft white background and subtle grey veining convey a sense of calm sophistication, echoing the serene experience that the hotel aims to deliver.

 

Design Benefits of Volakas Marble:

 

(1) Enhances minimalist and modern interiors

(2) Soft-toned palette complements a wide range of finishes

(3) Elegant and understated luxury for communal areas

 

Volakas marble & Grey Emperador marble & Sintered Stone

 

5. Grey Emperador Marble – Guest Restroom Vanities

 

In the guest restroom vanities, Grey Emperador Marble was chosen for its classic luxury appeal and rich veining. Its deep, earthy tones create an inviting, spa-like ambience while ensuring a durable, water-resistant surface.

 

Why Grey Emperador Marble Works:

 

(1) Dense, low-porosity surface ideal for wet areas

(2) Adds classic Mediterranean luxury

(3) Excellent visual contrast with ceramic or metal fixtures

 

6. Sintered Stone – Bathroom Countertops

 

Finally, for enhanced technical performance in the bathroom countertops, sintered stone was used. Engineered under extreme heat and pressure, this material offers a non-porous, highly resistant surface that mimics natural stone aesthetics with added resilience.

 

Advantages of Sintered Stone:

 

(1) UV, heat, and chemical resistant

(2) Low maintenance and hygienic

(3) Consistent appearance and customizable formats

 

STONELINK: Your Trusted Global Stone Supplier

 

This project is a testament to STONELINK's commitment to material excellence, client collaboration, and design integrity. Our ability to source and supply the right stone for each function and visual goal is what sets us apart in the natural stone and architectural surface industry.

Whether it's granite for performance, marble for luxury, or sintered stone for innovation, STONELINK delivers globally with consistency and care.

 

Explore More Projects & Contact Us

 

Want to learn more about how STONELINK can elevate your next hospitality or commercial project? Get in touch with our expert team today.

 

Email: echo@istonelink.com

Tel & WA: +86 181-5039-1891

 

Global Supply | Trusted Since 2012

Perfect Conclusion | Xiamen International Stone Fair 2025
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STONELINK meets the Xiamen International Stone Fair once again, bringing our passion and the finest natural stone—all to connect with you. STONELINK currently offers nearly 40+ premium natural stone selections, sourced directly from quarries worldwide—and more exquisite stones await you in the future!

 

Event: The 25th China Xiamen International Stone Fair

Venue: Xiamen International Conference and Exhibition Center, Fujian, China

Time: 16-19 March 2025

Booth: C1036

 

STONELINK booth

 

About our booth: Woven Realms of Time

 

Named "Woven Realms of Time", Booth C1036 is designed for a moment of connection with you. "Time" symbolizes the ever-changing essence of natural stone—sometimes powerful and dynamic, sometimes soft and graceful, like the shifting seasons. "Woven Realm" envisions a space where stone and art intertwine, a dialogue with nature guided by hand and heart. Light and shadow dance among organic forms, embodying the symbiosis of art and nature, unveiling infinite possibilities and a fluid, timeless beauty.

 

Booth C1036 by STONELINK features an impressive selection of at least 17 premium natural stone varieties, carefully sourced from top quarries worldwide. Each stone highlights the boundless possibilities of natural materials in contemporary design, making them ideal for luxury architecture, interior decoration, and bespoke projects.

 

STONELINK booth stone collection

 

The Brazilian natural quartzite Excalibur resembles a jeweled palette, where shades of purple, pink, beige, gray, and green are scattered like gemstones on a jade tray. Its overall tone reflects a refined Morandi color palette, with varied hues adaptable to different design settings. Terra Rosa captures the essence of ancient tree rings, layered with intricate textures that breathe life into the stone. Its warm, earthy tones evoke the glow of a setting sun, casting a timeless and serene radiance. Santorini resembles the deep night sky, sparkling with stars in shades of black, gray, and white. The brown, orange, and yellow patterns and veins resemble shooting stars, leaving behind trails of vibrant light. Velvet Red features a smooth, silky texture, with a red base and intersecting brown and white veins. Its bold and free-spirited appearance exudes a sense of heat and freedom. Imperial Green showcases a deep, rich green hue, with a jade-like texture and a majestic presence. As the royalty of stones, it pays tribute to timeless artistry, embodying the divine essence within marble.

 

STONELINK booth stone collection

 

The natural marble Four Seasons Sakura captures the brilliance of cherry blossoms and the warmth of spring, distilling their beauty into timeless veins. Every corner it adorns blooms with everlasting sakura, unfading and eternal. The Brazilian natural marble Vanta Nero holds infinite secrets of black and white. Its mirror-like surface shimmers with a profound luster, absorbing light and releasing a mesmerizing, fluid rhythm. From Portugal, Blue Water is an exquisite blend of deep blue-gray tones interwoven with soft white, evoking a sense of understated elegance. Its flowing veins resemble gentle ripples, hinting at hidden depths beneath the surface. Raggio Verde bursts with vibrant green, offering four distinct patterns—diagonal veining, water ripple, panda green, and Tiffany blue—each with its own unique charm, waiting to captivate the eye. Bianco Oro & Bianco Vena, exudes the clarity of a mountain spring. Bianco Oro glows with golden threads, while Bianco Vena presents a pure, refined aesthetic—each a masterpiece of natural beauty. Dark Forest features a blend of deep green and creamy white, with clear veins resembling forest pathways, intertwined with trees and vines, creating a sense of natural unity and connection.

 

STONELINK booth stone collection

 

The natural travertine Jurassic Traonyx features a deep brown base with intricate, layered stripes in black, gray, brown, and creamy white. The marble's translucent areas resemble jade, adding a sense of ethereal beauty. Jurassic White Traonyx presents a soft beige tone with varying shades of brown stripes, which become more pronounced under light exposure. Red Travertine has a fine texture and clear layers, radiating the intense warmth of a sunset. Its overall style is vintage and refined, evoking a sense of timeless sophistication. Silver Travertine showcases a perfect combination of futuristic and technological elements with its low-key and luxurious silver gray color. European Limestone, with its gentle beige hues, distinctive textures, and enchanting natural luster, stands as a gem in architectural and interior design.

 

STONELINK team

 

STONELINK | Curating the Finest Global Stone, Empowering Exceptional Design

 

Every member of STONELINK has turned their "passion" into solid little stones, building them into a tower of strength, and together we "polish the stones into pearls"! Moving forward, we will continue to unite with one heart, advancing step by step! At next year's Xiamen International Stone Fair, we will bring even more surprises and joy! Whether starting from the source to create your project or finding the perfect source for your project, we are here to solve your concerns, ensuring that you can rest easy!

 

Xiamen International Stone Fair 2026 — Looking forward to meeting you next year!

STONELINK 2024 Stone Project Highlight Fifth Avenue Hotel, Penang, Malaysia
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At STONELINK, we take pride in delivering custom stone solutions that elevate architectural vision through craftsmanship, material excellence, and innovation. One of our most prestigious 2024 stone projects is the Fifth Avenue Hotel in Penang, Malaysia—a landmark development that masterfully blends luxury aesthetics with strategic material selection.

 

Despite utilizing a mix of premium and cost-efficient materials, the design team, together with STONELINK's stone experts, achieved a result that is elegant, timeless, and high-end in appearance, demonstrating how thoughtful application and advanced fabrication techniques can unlock the true potential of natural stone.

 

Stone Materials Supplied by STONELINK

 

Grey Emperador Marble – Lobby Full-Height Feature Wall

 

1. Grey Emperador Marble – Lobby Full-Height Feature Wall

Rich in warm grey tones and intricate veining, Grey Emperador marble offers a subtle yet luxurious backdrop. STONELINK supplied this material for the lobby's full-height decorative wall, which sets the tone of refined elegance upon arrival. The dramatic verticality of the design was enhanced by the marble's consistent pattern and polished finish.

 

Saint Laurent Marble – Lobby Curved Feature Wall & Inlaid Flooring

 

2. Saint Laurent Marble – Lobby Curved Feature Wall & Inlaid Flooring

Known for its dark base and striking white-gold veining, Saint Laurent marble was used to create a book-shaped curved feature wall—a bold architectural focal point in the main lobby. This complex design required precision curve-cutting techniques and showcases the seamless integration of stone artistry and structural form.

 

In addition, Saint Laurent marble was also incorporated into the floor medallion pattern, where it complements other tones for a rich, layered aesthetic.

 

Omani Beige Marble – Lobby Floor Pattern

 

3. Omani Beige Marble – Lobby Floor Pattern

To balance the boldness of darker stones, STONELINK supplied Omani Beige marble for the floor's patterned inlay. Its warm neutral color and fine grain add lightness and harmony to the lobby's palette. The precision-cut pieces were installed in a custom pattern, enhancing the spatial rhythm and walking experience.

 

Carrara Marble – Reception Desk

 

4. Carrara Marble – Reception Desk

The reception desk features the world-renowned Carrara marble from Italy, known for its white base and soft grey veining. What makes this installation remarkable is the application of curve-cutting and fluting (grooved) techniques, adding texture and movement to the surface. The result is a sculptural centerpiece that communicates sophistication with a contemporary twist.

 

Turkish Beige Travertine – Decorative Wall Paneling

 

5. Turkish Beige Travertine – Decorative Wall Paneling

For additional decorative wall features, Turkish Beige travertine was selected for its natural pores and warm texture. Applied in a honed finish, it offers an organic, tactile contrast to the polished marbles, enriching the overall material dialogue of the interior space.

 

Cosmic Black Granite – Hotel Façade Wall

 

6. Cosmic Black Granite – Hotel Façade Wall

The Cosmic Black granite was utilized for the exterior façade wall featuring the hotel's signage. To achieve a vintage and luxurious look, the granite was treated with a leathered finish, enhancing its dramatic movement and adding a soft, matte texture that contrasts beautifully with the bold hotel branding.

 

G603 Grey Granite – Entrance Flooring

 

7. G603 Grey Granite – Entrance Flooring

For the outdoor entrance flooring, G603 grey granite was chosen for its durability, slip resistance, and timeless aesthetic. Its uniform color and reliable performance make it an ideal solution for high-traffic areas, while still maintaining visual harmony with the rest of the hotel's stone palette.

 

Design Intelligence: Achieving High-End Aesthetics with Balanced Budgets

One of the most impressive aspects of this project is the intelligent material selection strategy. By combining cost-effective stones like G603 granite and Omani Beige marble with premium materials such as Carrara and Saint Laurent marble, the design team achieved a harmonious high-end look without overspending.

 

Moreover, STONELINK's value engineering services played a crucial role in advising on material pairing, fabrication techniques, and finishes—ensuring that every stone element not only looked stunning but was also optimized for budget and performance.

 

The Art of Stone in Modern Hospitality Design

The Fifth Avenue Hotel in Penang exemplifies how natural stone, when thoughtfully sourced and skillfully applied, can define the narrative of luxury, texture, and timeless elegance. At STONELINK, we're honored to contribute to such projects where every surface tells a story, and every detail is intentional.

 

Looking for custom stone solutions for your next project?

Let STONELINK help you craft architectural experiences with the world's finest stones.

STONELINK 2025 New Collection | Four Seasons Marble Sakura Series
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Sakura is a natural marble quarried from the Four Seasons Green quarry in Cambodia, boasting a gentle, lively appearance. Its base hue shines with a delightful pink undertone, adorned by subtle green patches and golden veins—reminiscent of cherry blossoms quietly blooming in spring, brimming with a sense of lightness and romance that enriches any space with a refined and delicate charm. Its veining resembles a meandering stream, sometimes flowing serenely, sometimes swirling gracefully, evoking a tranquil yet elegant natural ambiance. Sakura strikes a balance between softness and sophistication, making it perfect for creating a comfortable yet artistic living environment, infusing every moment with a captivating poetic touch.

 

Various Applications of Four Seasons Sakura Marble

 

Sakura marble in living room for wall & floorSakura marble in living room for wall decoration

 

Poetic Living Room Ambiance

 

In the living room, Sakura’s lavender undertones and gentle sheen foster a warm, inviting ambiance. Its blossom-like veining and golden accents add a romantic flair to expansive walls or floors, while also serving as a captivating focal point on a TV backdrop or coffee table. Subtle yet sophisticated, it elevates the room’s visual harmony without overwhelming the senses.

 

Sakura marble in Dining room

 

Elegant Dining Experience

 

In the dining area, Sakura marble surfaces or walls beautifully reflect the glow of soft lighting, imbuing each meal with understated elegance. The subtle interplay of pink and green evokes the freshness of nature and the delicacy of blossoms, turning every dining experience into a more precious and pleasurable moment.

 

Sakura marble in Bedroom

 

Dreamlike Bedroom Backdrop

 

Using Sakura for a bedroom feature wall or bedside tabletop creates a soft and tranquil haven. The mauve undertones gently soothe the spirit, offering a serene respite from daily fatigue, while the golden and green accents dance like flickering light, lending a unique flair and vibrancy to the private retreat.

 

Sakura marble in Bathroom

 

Refined Bathroom Retreat

 

In a bathroom setting, Sakura seamlessly merges with the fluidity of water, evoking the luxurious ambiance of a natural hot spring. Its violescent base becomes even more radiant and supple amid the gentle steam, transforming each shower or bath into a romantic escape. Incorporating the golden veins around a vanity or shower area enhances the room’s sense of refinement and splendor.

 

Unfolding Grace in Every Corner - Discover the Poetic Fusion of Romance and Nature in Every Vein

 

The new Sakura marble from STONELINK 2025 is like a gentle spring breeze, gracing every corner with soothing hues and enchanting patterns. Whether featured expansively or in subtle accents, its blend of nature and art outlines limitless possibilities for any interior.

Why do so many people like sintered stone?
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Today, let's talk about why sintered stone has become a popular choice in the field of modern home decoration. As consumers' requirements for home quality continue to increase, the market demand for a material that is both beautiful and durable is increasing, and sintered stone is meeting such conditions. Its high hardness and scratch resistance make it difficult to leave scratches in daily use, and it can still maintain its new luster even after a long time. Its high temperature resistance makes it an ideal choice for kitchen countertops, and even if high-temperature pots are placed directly on it, no traces will be left. The ultra-low double-0 water absorption rate allows it to remain stable in a humid environment, not easy to seep water or mold, and is very suitable for bathrooms and kitchen countertops. Currently, sintered stone kitchen cabinets are gradually becoming popular around the world. Environmental protection is an issue that modern decoration is increasingly concerned about. Sintered stone has become the preferred material for healthy homes with its zero formaldehyde and no radiation characteristics. It meets food-grade safety standards and can directly contact food, bringing more safety guarantees to families. In addition to its excellent physical properties, the design sense of sintered stone is also a highlight. It highly restores the texture of natural stone, but is more stable and easier to maintain than natural stone. Large-sized sintered stones can be seamlessly spliced, with better visual effects, greatly enhancing the overall beauty of the space. Whether it is the floor, wall, cabinet countertop or bathroom space, it can show a unique decorative effect, making the home more spatially layered.

kitchen countertop sintered stone

The wide application of sintered stone is not limited to interior decoration, it also shines in outdoor decoration, commercial space, and even furniture manufacturing. Compared with traditional tiles or natural stones, it has stronger stability and better weather resistance. Whether it is in extremely cold or high temperature environments, it can maintain its original quality and will not fade or crack easily. From the perspective of long-term use cost, although the initial investment of sintered stone may be slightly higher, its durability and low maintenance cost make it a more cost-effective choice. No frequent replacement or repair is required, which greatly reduces the subsequent maintenance expenses.

It is these advantages that make sintered stone more and more popular around the world. It not only represents the future trend of building materials, but also redefines the beauty of home decoration.

Sintered stone enters European home decoration
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In the trend of modern home decoration, European style has become a popular choice for high-end residences with its simplicity, luxury and exquisiteness. With the improvement of consumers' demand for decoration quality, one-stop home decoration supporting services are gradually becoming the mainstream of the contemporary era, providing more efficient solutions.

Application of sintered stone in European home decoration

Floor and wall: large-scale sintered stone tiles can perfectly reproduce the luxurious texture of natural marble, making the space more noble.

Kitchen countertops: anti-fouling, anti-scratch and anti-penetration properties make sintered stone an ideal choice for kitchen countertops.

Bathroom space: moisture-proof and water-resistant properties make sintered stone shine in European-style bathrooms.

Furniture finishes: used for dining tables, coffee tables, TV background walls, etc., showing the high-end style of European home decoration.

sintered stone for wall

Advantages of sintered stone

High-end texture: the appearance of natural stone, the ultimate restoration of marble texture, enhances the overall decoration taste.

Super durability: wear-resistant, scratch-resistant, fire-resistant, waterproof, and long-term elegant appearance.

Environmentally friendly and safe: zero formaldehyde, no radiation, in line with the environmental health needs of modern families.

Easy to care: the surface is dense and does not absorb water, stains can be wiped clean, reducing the trouble of cleaning and maintenance.

wholesale sintered stone

The convenience of one-stop home decoration

Choosing a one-stop home decoration can not only reduce the tedious material selection process, but also ensure the unity of the overall style, improve decoration efficiency and reduce costs. Sintered stone is a material that can be widely used in all aspects of home decoration, making the overall design more smooth and making European-style home decoration more complete and beautiful.

Future trends: How does sintered stone improve the grade of European-style home decoration?

With the development of technology, sintered stone will usher in more innovative applications in European-style home decoration, such as:

Smart home combination: sintered stone veneer furniture is combined with smart lighting and temperature control systems to create high-end smart European-style homes.

Personalized customization: Through 3D printing and laser engraving technology, a more artistic decorative design can be achieved.

luxury large slab

Green and environmentally friendly upgrade: Develop lighter and more environmentally friendly sintered stone products to meet the trend of sustainable development.

Sintered stone has high-end texture, is durable and practical, and is perfectly suitable for European one-stop home decoration. Whether it is the floor, wall or furniture countertop, it can enhance the overall beauty. One-stop decoration with sintered stone not only saves worry and labor, but also makes the home more advanced and comfortable!

What rare metal compounds can be used in the glass industry?
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In the glass industry, a variety of rare metal compounds, small metal compounds, and rare earth compounds are used as functional additives or modifiers to achieve specific optical, physical, or chemical properties. Based on a large number of customer use cases, the technical and development team of UrbanMines Tech. Limited has classified and sorted out the following main compounds and their uses:

 

1. Rare earth compounds

 

1. Cerium Oxide (CeO₂)

- Purpose:

- Decolorizer: Removes green tint in glass (Fe²⁺ impurities).

- UV absorption: used in UV-protected glass (e.g. glasses, architectural glass).

- Polishing agent: polishing material for precision optical glass.

 

2. Neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃), praseodymium oxide (Pr₆O₁₁)

- Purpose:

- Colorants: Neodymium gives the glass a purple color (varies with the light source), and praseodymium produces a green or yellow tint, often used in art glass and filters.

 

3. Eu₂O₃, Terbium Oxide (Tb₄O₇)

- Purpose:

- Fluorescent properties: used for fluorescent glass (such as X-ray intensifying screens, and display devices).

 

4. Lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃), yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃)

- Purpose:

- High refractive index glass: Increase the refractive index of optical glass (such as camera lenses, and microscopes).

- High-temperature resistant glass: Enhanced thermal resistance and chemical stability (labware, optical fibers).

 

2. Rare Metal Compounds

 

Rare metals are often used in glass for special functional coatings or performance optimization:

1. Indium Tin Oxide (ITO, In₂O₃-SnO₂)

- Purpose:

- Conductive coating: Transparent conductive film used for touch screens and liquid crystal displays (LCDs).

 

2. Germanium oxide (GeO₂)

- Purpose:

- Infrared Transmitting Glass: Used in thermal imagers, and infrared optical devices.

- High refractive index fiber: Improves the performance of optical fiber communications.

 

3. Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃)

- Purpose:

- Blue light absorption: used in filters or special optical glasses.

 

 

3. Minor Metal Compounds

 

Minor metals usually refer to metals with low production but high industrial value, which are often used for coloring or performance adjustment:

1. Cobalt oxide (CoO/Co₃O₄)

- Purpose:

- Blue colorant: used in art glass, and filters (such as sapphire glass).

 

2. Nickel Oxide (NiO)

- Purpose:

- Grey/Purple Tinting: Adjusts the color of the glass, and can also be used for thermal control glass (absorbs specific wavelengths).

 

3. Selenium (Se) and selenium oxide (SeO₂)

- Purpose:

- Red coloration: Ruby glass (combined with cadmium sulfide).

- Decolorizer: Neutralizes the green tint caused by iron impurities.

 

4. Lithium Oxide (Li₂O)

- Purpose:

- Lower melting point: Improve the molten fluidity of glass (such as special glass, optical glass).

 

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4. Other functional compounds

 

1. Titanium oxide (TiO₂)

- Purpose:

- High refractive index: used for optical glass and self-cleaning glass coatings.

- UV Shielding: Architectural and automotive glass.

 

2. Vanadium oxide (V₂O₅)

- Purpose:

- Thermochromic glass: adjusts light transmittance as temperature changes (smart window).

 

 

**Summarize**

 

- Rare earth compounds dominate the optimization of optical properties (such as coloration, fluorescence, and high refractive index).

- Rare metals (such as indium, and germanium) are mostly used in high-tech fields (conductive coatings, infrared glass).

- Minor Metals (Cobalt, Nickel, Selenium) focus on color control and impurity neutralization.

The application of these compounds enables glass to have diverse functions in fields such as architecture, electronics, optics, and art.

 

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